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〔Article XIV, Section 10, of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines which reads "()his Constitution shall be officially promulgated in English and Spanish, but in case of conflict the English text shall prevail."〕 * }} |life_span = 1935–1946 |image_flag = Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svgborder |flag_type = Flag |image_coat = Coat of arms Commonwealth of the Philippines.svg |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = Map of Philippines.png |image_map_caption = Location of the Philippines in Southeast Asia. |continent = Asia |region = Southeast Asia |country = Philippines |status = Associated state |status_text = Associated state and protectorate of the United States |p1 = Insular Government |flag_p1 = Flag of the Philippines (1919-1936).svg |p2 = Second Philippine Republic |flag_p2 = Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg |s1 = Second Philippine Republic |flag_s1 = Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg |s2 = History of the Philippines (1946–1965) |flag_s2 = Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svg |national_anthem = The Philippine Hymn (from September 5, 1938)〔:Wikisource:Commonwealth Act No. 382.〕 |capital = Manila |common_languages = |government_type =Multi-party Republic |title_leader = President |leader1 = Manuel L. Quezon |year_leader1 = 1935–44 |leader2 = Sergio Osmeña |year_leader2 = 1944–46 |leader3 = Manuel A. Roxas |year_leader3 = 1946 |title_deputy = Vice President |deputy1 = Sergio Osmeña |year_deputy1 = 1935–44 |deputy2 = Elpidio Quirino |legislature = |year_deputy2 = 1946 |era = Interwar, World War II |event_start = Tydings–McDuffie Act |year_start = 1935 |date_start = 15 November〔.〕 |event_end = Independence |date_end = 4 July |year_end = 1946 |event_post = Treaty of Manila |date_post = 22 October 1946 |stat_year1 = 1939 |stat_area1 = 300000 |stat_pop1 = 16000303 |currency = Peso |today = |footnote_a = Capital held by enemy forces between 24 December 1941 and 27 February 1945. Temporary capitals were * Corregidor Island from 24 December 1941; * Iloilo City from 22 February 1942; * Bacolod from 26 February; * Buenos Aires, Bago City from 27 February; * Oroquieta from 19 March; * Bukidnon from 23 March; * government-in-exile in Melbourne, Australia, in April; * government-in-exile in Washington, D.C., from May 1942 to October 1944; * Tacloban from 20 October 1944. |footnote_b = The Commonwealth government continued its existence as a government-in-exile in the United States during the Japanese Occupation and later the second republic. In effect, there existed two Philippine governments.}} The Commonwealth of the Philippines (; (スペイン語:Mancomunidad de Filipinas))〔 was the administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 to 1945 when Japan occupied the country. It replaced the Insular Government, a United States territorial government, and was established by the Tydings–McDuffie Act. The Commonwealth was designed as a transitional administration in preparation for the country's full achievement of independence. During its more than a decade of existence, the Commonwealth had a strong executive and a Supreme Court. Its legislature, dominated by the Nacionalista Party, was at first unicameral, but later bicameral. In 1937, the government selected Tagalog–the language of Manila and its surrounding provinces–as the basis of the national language, although it would be many years before its usage became general. Women's suffrage was adopted and the economy recovered to its pre-Depression level before the Japanese occupation in 1942. The Commonwealth government went into exile from 1942 to 1945, when the Philippines was under Japanese occupation. In 1946, the Commonwealth ended and the Philippines claimed full sovereignty as provided for in Article XVIII of the 1935 Constitution. ==Names== The Commonwealth of the Philippines was also known as the "Philippine Commonwealth",〔.〕〔.〕 or simply as "the Commonwealth". It had official names in () and ((:filiˈpinas)). The 1935 constitution specifies "the Philippines" as the country's short form name and uses "the Philippine Islands" only to refer to pre-1935 status and institutions.〔 Under the Insular Government (1901-1935), both terms had official status.〔See for example, the Jones Law of 1916, which uses "Philippines" and "Philippine Islands" interchangeably.〕〔.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Commonwealth of the Philippines」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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